Enzymatic Methods for the Manipulation and Valorization of Soapstock from Vegetable Oil Refining Processes

The review will discuss the methods that have been optimized so far for enzymatic hydrolysis of soapstock into enriched mixtures free fatty acids, in order to offer a sustainable alternative procedure which is currently employed at industrial level converting by-product known as acid oil (or olein, i.e., acids removed from raw vegetable oil, dissolved residual triglycerides). further biocatalyzed manipulation or corresponding production biodiesel and fine chemicals (surfactants, plasticizers, additives) be described, with specific attention given processes performed continuous flow mode. valorization carbon source lipase also considered.